Data sources and definitions
Gold-related data
Gold production
Amount of gold mined in 2013, in tonnes.
Source: Thomson Reuters GFMS
Gold consumption
Consumer demand for gold (jewellery plus small bars and coins) in 2013, in tonnes.
Source: Thomson Reuters GFMS and WGC
Unmined gold
Estimated gold mine reserves as of 2012, in tonnes.
Source: US Geological Survey (USGS) Gold Mineral Commodity Summary where available; Thomson Reuters GFMS Mine Economics Service for countries not covered by USGS.
Central banks
Gold held in official sectors such as central banks.
Source: WGC via IMF IFS and other sources.
Gold as % of GDP
Value of gold produced as a proportion of Gross National Product, as of 2013.
Source: Thomson Reuters GFMS and World Bank

Other data
Population
Total population size as of 2013, gap-filled with previous years where necessary.
Source: World Bank
Economy
Gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. 2013 data, gap-filled with previous years where necessary.
Source: World Bank
GNI and income per person, 2013
Gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. 2013 data, gap-filled with previous years where necessary.
Source: World Bank
Literacy rate
The proportion of people aged 15 and over who can read and write. See source for age of data, which varies by nation.
Source: World Bank
Life expectancy
The number of years a newborn would live if prevailing mortality patterns were to stay the same throughout the infant’s life. 2012 data, gap-filled with previous years where necessary.
Source: World Bank
Unemployment rate
The share of the labour force without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labour force and unemployment differ by country.
Source: World Bank
Heidelberg Barometer
Conflicts rated as 5 (war) or 4 (limited war) in at least one area of the country by the Conflict Barometer 2013.
Source: Heidelberg Institute
“Rank” shows each country’s position among those with data. “1” is the highest. An equals sign implies a joint position – e.g. 3= means joint third.